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Karol Irzykowski (Błaszkowa, near Pilzno, 23 January 1873 – 2 November 1944, Żyrardów) was a Polish writer, literary critic, film theoretician, and chess player. Between 1933–1939 in the Second Polish Republic he was a member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature founded by the decree of the Council of Ministers. ==Life== Irzykowski came from an aristocratic land-owning family that had fallen on hard times. In 1889–93, he studied Germanistics in Lwów (Lemberg). In 1894–95, he worked occasionally as a teacher, but his outspokenness prevented him from obtaining further work in that line. From 1895, he lived in Lwów and worked as a parliamentary and court stenographer. In 1903, he published one of the most original novel of that time, ''Pałuba''. In this highly complex and avantgarde work, he anticipated many innovations made by modern European experimentalists such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner or André Gide. The novel has never been translated, and in Poland it was only truly appreciated in the second half of the 20th century.〔(Karol Irzykowski's Pałuba: A Guidebook to the Future ) Colleen Taylor Sen, Slavic and East European Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3 (1973)〕 (Parts of this novel were translated into German language after World War II). In 1908 he moved to Kraków, where he held a position as a stenographer and correspondent in the official correspondence office. Irzykowski played in chess tournaments at Lemberg and Kraków, winning against Kohn, von Popiel, Chajes and Ameisen, and drawing against Flamberg. After World War I he moved to Warsaw, where he headed the ''Sejm'' (parliament) stenographic office. Irzykowski was coworker "Skamander", the ''Wiadomości Literackie'' and in the years 1921-1933 of the ''Robotnik''. He raised his voice in many discussions on literature. He provided a theatre column on Polish radio and in the ''Rocznik Literacki'', and was a member of the Polish Literary Academy. At the same time he gave stenography instruction (also in German) to meet living costs. During the German occupation he was working on a novel "Wyspa" ("Island") and was taking part in the cultural life of the underground. Unfortunately, almost the whole manuscript was lost when Germans destroyed the city after the Warsaw Uprising. He was wounded and died after release in Żyrardów. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karol Irzykowski」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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